Certified Hospice and Palliative Assistant (CHPNA) Practice Test

What is Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) characterized by?

1. Reduced blood pressure and bradycardia

2. Widespread thrombosis and bleeding

3. Increased platelet count and fever

4. Localized edema and swelling

The correct answer is: Widespread thrombosis and bleeding

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) is characterized by widespread thrombosis and bleeding due to the abnormal activation of the clotting cascade. In DIC, the formation of tiny blood clots occurs throughout the small blood vessels, which leads to the consumption of platelets and clotting factors. This process can result in multiple organ dysfunction and ischemia due to the compromised blood flow caused by the clots. As the process continues, the depletion of clotting factors and platelets eventually leads to a paradoxical increased risk of bleeding. Therefore, individuals with DIC may present with both thrombosis (the formation of clots) and bleeding manifestations (such as petechiae, ecchymosis, or even significant hemorrhage). This dual effect of clot formation followed by bleeding is what clearly defines DIC and highlights its complex pathophysiology, making the correct understanding of this condition crucial in clinical practice. The other choices reflect symptoms or conditions that do not accurately describe DIC. Reduced blood pressure and bradycardia are not typical features of DIC, while increased platelet count and fever do not align with the conditions found in this disorder. Localized edema and swelling are also not characteristic, as DIC primarily